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Posted by AJAY SHARMA on October 5, 2006, 11:22 pm
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Is Einstein=E2=80=99s E=3Dmc2, CONCEPTUALLY applicable for energy emitted
Chemical Reactions.
Before applying any equation in any phenomena, we have to see the
conditions and assumptions under which EQAUTION IS derived. What have
been the CONDITIONS and ASSUMPTIONS of derivation of an equation? It is
very important, to know these, before applying the equation. For
example Hook=E2=80=99s law is only obeyed within elastic limits and Ohm=E2=
=80=99s
Law is applicable under certain conditions.
Part I
Origin of E=3Dmc2 in Einstein=E2=80=99s Sep 27 1905
paper
A.Einstein, Annalen der Physik 18 (1905) 639-641.
. DOES THE INERTIA OF A BODY DEPEND
UPON ITS ENERGY-CONTENT?
Weblink is
Einstein=E2=80=99s 27 Sep 1905 paper available at
http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/E_mc2/www/
What Einstein did in the paper
Einstein considered a body at rest emitting light energy. Einstein
measured the magnitude of light energy in a moving system. And then he
derived a relation between ENERGY EMITTED (L) and DECREASE IN MASS
(=CE=94m) of body.
The basic equation Einstein used is
=E2=84=93* =3D =E2=84=93{1 =E2=80=93 v cos =CF=86/c } /=E2=88=9A[1 =E2=80=
=93 v2 /c2]
(1)
=E2=84=93* is light energy measured in moving in frame and =E2=84=93 is =
energy
measured in rest frame. Einstein has given eq.(1) in his June 1905
paper, known as Special Theory of Relativity and called eq.(1) as
Doppler principle for any velocities whatever. Link for paper of
Special Theory of Relativity
http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/www/
Then Einstein did calculations under classical conditions ( v<<c ,
applied Binomial Theorem) and obtained equation
L =3D (Mb =E2=80=93 Ma )c2 =3D =CE=94mc2
L =3D (Mass of body before emission =E2=80=93Mass of energy after emission)=
c2
=3D =CE=94mc2 (2)
Conceptually, mathematically, scientifically eq.(2) is meant ONLY for
measurements of MASS DECREASE when LIGHT ENERGY is emitted. The reason
I that eq.(1) DESCRIBES only Light Energy.
Part II
In this case Einstein SPECULATED, that
=E2=80=98 whatever is true for Light Energy , is true for every energy=E2=
=80=99
Thus, Einstein replaced term L (light energy) by term E (every energy)
without giving conceptual reasoning thus ,
E =3D (Mass of body before emission =E2=80=93Mass of energy after emiss=
ion)
c2 =3D =CE=94mc2
Here E stands for every energy e.g.
(i) sound energy,
(ii) heat energy,
(iii) chemical energy,
(iv) nuclear energy,
(v) magnetic energy,
(vi) electrical energy,
(vii) energy emitted in form of invisible radiations,
(viii) energy emitted in cosmological and astrophysical phenomena
(ix) energies co-existing in various forms etc. etc. etc.
Now Einstein=E2=80=99s this SPECULATION implies that eq.(1) i.e.
=E2=84=93* =3D =E2=84=93{1 =E2=80=93 v cos =CF=86/c } /=E2=88=9A[1 =E2=
=80=93 v2 /c2]
(1)
is valid for all these energies. BUT EQ.(1) IS DERIVED FOR LIGHT
ENERGY ONLY.
Einstein did not mentioned about these reactions at all in his paper
.But generalized eq.(2) for all these energies.
PartII
Consider simple chemical reactions i.e. combustion of wood of paper.
(i) Should energy emitted on annihilation of mass, be measured by E=3Dmc2
, when its original form L =3Dmc2 is meant CONCEPTUAL for Light energy
.
(ii) Should for all such cases Light Energy Mass inter conversion be
derived by specifically by other methods .
Part VI
References.
References of Einstein=E2=80=99s work
.
A=2EEinstein, Annalen der Physik 18 (1905) 639-641.
. DOES THE INERTIA OF A BODY DEPEND
UPON ITS ENERGY-CONTENT?
Weblink is
Einstein=E2=80=99s 27 Sep 1905 paper available at
http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/E_mc2/www/
Part II
References of Ajay Sharma=E2=80=99s work
My work is available at
A=2E Sharma, Physics Essays, 17 (2004) 195-222.
=E2=80=9DThe Origin of Generalized Mass-Energy Equation =EF=81=84E =3D Ac2 =
=EF=81=84M; and
its applications in General physics and Cosmology=E2=80=9D.
http://www.burningbrain.org/pdf/ajaysharma_einstein.pdf
For details
https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?cPath=3D23_48_324&p=
roducts_id=3D4554
International Conferences
It has been accepted for presentation over 55 conferences all over the
world
--------------------------------------few of them
1=2E Sharma, A. presented in 19th International Conference on the
Applications of Accelerators in Research and Industry , 20-25
August , 2006 Fort Worth Texas, USA
2. A. Sharma, Abstract Book 38th European Group of Atomic Systems
(
Euro physics Conference) Isachia (Naples) Italy (2006) 53.
3=2E A. Sharma , Abstract Book , A Century After Einstein Physics 2005 ,
10-14 April 2005 ( Organizer Institute of Physics , Bristol )
University of Warwick , ENGLAND
4=2E A. Sharma presented in 5th British gravity Conference , OXFORD
ENGLAND
5=2E A. Sharma,. Proc. Int. Conf. on Computational Methods in
Sciences and Engineering 2003 World Scientific Co. USA ,
(2003) 585.
6=2E A. Sharma, Proc. Int. Conf. on Number, Time, Relativity United
Physical Society of Russian Federation, Moscow , (2004) 81
plus more
--------------------------------------
Journals
This paper
=E2=80=9DThe Origin of Generalized Mass-Energy Equation =EF=81=84E =3D Ac2 =
=EF=81=84M; and
its applications in General physics and Cosmology=E2=80=9D.
is published in journal
Physics Essays , CANADA
www.physicsessays.com
The paper
The past ,present and future of E=3Dmc2
will be published in 2007 Galilean Electrodynamics, Massachusetts,
USA.
In parts it is published in various others journals.
----------------------
Book 100 Years of E=3Dmc2
For details
https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?cPath=3D23_48_324&p=
roducts_id=3D4554
Ajay Sharma Email physicsajay@rediffmail.com 6TH October
2006
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