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Re: NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Craft Begins Adjusting Orbit

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Re: NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Craft Begins Adjusting Orbit David Williams 04-05-2006
Posted by David Williams on April 5, 2006, 11:09 am
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-> Why don't manned spacecraft use this "stone skipping across a pond"
-> technique to return from earth orbit? The heat buildup would be reduced by
-> the cool-off between "plunges".

Manned spacecraft, at present, travel in low Earth orbit. At the ends
of their missions, a short rocket burn slows them to less than orbital
speed and they enter the atmosphere. Since they're already travelling
slower than orbital speed, they can't "skip" up again.

dow

Posted by <tapwater on April 5, 2006, 1:18 pm
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They can't skip up to orbital speed, but they can get lift enough to get to
thinner atmosphere where they either stall and descend again, or nose down
and descend again. I'm talking about an oscillating downward flight path,
instead of a constant downward one, and an oscillating deceleration rate
instead of a constant rate.

> -> Why don't manned spacecraft use this "stone skipping across a pond"
> -> technique to return from earth orbit? The heat buildup would be reduced
by
> -> the cool-off between "plunges".
>
> Manned spacecraft, at present, travel in low Earth orbit. At the ends
> of their missions, a short rocket burn slows them to less than orbital
> speed and they enter the atmosphere. Since they're already travelling
> slower than orbital speed, they can't "skip" up again.
>
> dow



Posted by Hud Nordin on April 5, 2006, 11:38 pm
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>They can't skip up to orbital speed, but they can get lift enough to get to
>thinner atmosphere where they either stall and descend again, or nose down
>and descend again. I'm talking about an oscillating downward flight path,
>instead of a constant downward one, and an oscillating deceleration rate
>instead of a constant rate.

Aerospaceweb.org: Atmosphere & Spacecraft Re-entry Q&A
<http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/spacecraft/q0218.shtml>
has a decent description of ballistic, glide, and skip re-entry
trajectories, but about skip, they say:

The attraction of the skip trajectory is that a vehicle can travel
much farther downrange than either the ballistic or glide options
allow. The primary disadvantage, however, is significantly higher
aerodynamic heating since the friction heat absorbed during the
skips grows at a higher rate and requires heavier shielding to
protect the vehicle. As a result, skip entry has never been used
for a manned spacecraft. A related technique known as aerocapture
has been applied to unmanned craft, though the method is typically
used to slow a vehicle and enter orbit around a planet rather than
as a means of re-entry.


--

Posted by <tapwater on April 6, 2006, 2:19 am
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Thank you for comprehending what I was trying to discuss. Now I have to
figure out why the people at aerospaceweb feel that the heating will be
greater. Their diagram shows only four or five large skips, I would try a
larger number of smaller skips. Also, for purposes of clarity I suppose,
they show the "outer limits of the atmosphere" as a line rather then a
region. In reality, the nitpickers could argue for years over where to draw
that line.
I still think a carefully plotted course could significantly reduce the
need for heat shielding. My rationale for hanging on to my theory is that a
fixed amount of mass, and a fixed amount of deceleration through friction
will always generate a fixed amount of heat. I can't figure out how to get
around that equation! HOWEVER, if you spread that heat over a greater time
period, then the instantaneous heat (heat measured at any instant) can be
reduced. A machine can tolerate 500F for 10 minutes better than it can
tolerate 1000F for 1 minute. (I'm pulling those numbers out of a hat, but
you get the idea). We have to find a way to EASE a spacecraft into the
atmosphere rather then slam it in.

> >They can't skip up to orbital speed, but they can get lift enough to get
to
> >thinner atmosphere where they either stall and descend again, or nose
down
> >and descend again. I'm talking about an oscillating downward flight path,
> >instead of a constant downward one, and an oscillating deceleration rate
> >instead of a constant rate.
>
> Aerospaceweb.org: Atmosphere & Spacecraft Re-entry Q&A
> <http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/spacecraft/q0218.shtml>
> has a decent description of ballistic, glide, and skip re-entry
> trajectories, but about skip, they say:
>
> The attraction of the skip trajectory is that a vehicle can travel
> much farther downrange than either the ballistic or glide options
> allow. The primary disadvantage, however, is significantly higher
> aerodynamic heating since the friction heat absorbed during the
> skips grows at a higher rate and requires heavier shielding to
> protect the vehicle. As a result, skip entry has never been used
> for a manned spacecraft. A related technique known as aerocapture
> has been applied to unmanned craft, though the method is typically
> used to slow a vehicle and enter orbit around a planet rather than
> as a means of re-entry.
>
>
> --



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