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Posted by baalke on September 7, 2005, 2:19 pm
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MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109 TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov
Whitney Clavin (818) 354-4673
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
News Release 2005-144 Sept. 7, 2005
NASA's Spitzer and Deep Impact Build Recipe for Comet Soup
When Deep Impact smashed into comet Tempel 1 on July 4,
2005, it released the ingredients of our solar system's
primordial "soup." Now, astronomers using data from
NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope and Deep Impact have
analyzed that soup and begun to come up with a recipe
for what makes planets, comets and other bodies in our
solar system.
"The Deep Impact experiment worked," said Dr. Carey
Lisse of Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics
Laboratory, Laurel, Md. "We are assembling a list of
comet ingredients that will be used by other scientists
for years to come." Lisse is the team leader for Spitzer's
observations of Tempel 1. He presented his findings this
week at the 37th annual meeting of the Division of
Planetary Sciences in Cambridge, England.
Spitzer watched the Deep Impact encounter from its lofty
perch in space. It trained its infrared spectrograph on
comet Tempel 1, observing closely the cloud of material
that was ejected when Deep Impact's probe plunged below
the comet's surface. Astronomers are still studying the
Spitzer data, but so far they have spotted the signatures
of a handful of ingredients, essentially the meat of comet
soup.
These solid ingredients include many standard comet
components, such as silicates, or sand. And like any good
recipe, there are also surprise ingredients, such as clay
and chemicals in seashells called carbonates. These
compounds were unexpected because they are thought to
require liquid water to form.
"How did clay and carbonates form in frozen comets?" asked
Lisse. "We don't know, but their presence may imply that
the primordial solar system was thoroughly mixed together,
allowing material formed near the Sun where water is
liquid, and frozen material from out by Uranus and Neptune,
to be included in the same body."
Also found were chemicals never seen before in comets, such
as iron-bearing compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons, found
in barbecue pits and automobile exhaust on Earth.
The silicates spotted by Spitzer are crystallized grains
even smaller than sand, like crushed gems. One of these
silicates is a mineral called olivine, found on the
glimmering shores of Hawaii's Green Sands Beach.
Planets, comets and asteroids were all born out of a thick
soup of chemicals that surrounded our young Sun about 4.5
billion years ago. Because comets formed in the outer,
chilly regions of our solar system, some of this early
planetary material is still frozen inside them.
Having this new grocery list of comet ingredients means
theoreticians can begin testing their models of planet
formation. By plugging the chemicals into their formulas,
they can assess what kinds of planets come out the other
end.
"Now, we can stop guessing at what's inside comets," said
Dr. Mike A'Hearn, principal investigator for the Deep
Impact mission, University of Maryland, College Park.
"This information is invaluable for piecing together how
our own planets as well as other distant worlds may have
formed."
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.,
manages the Spitzer Space Telescope mission for NASA's
Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Science
operations are conducted at the Spitzer Science Center
at Caltech. The University of Maryland, College Park,
conducted the overall mission management for Deep Impact,
and JPL handled project management for the mission for
NASA's Science Mission Directorate.
For more graphics and more information about Spitzer,
visit
http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/Media/index.shtml .
For more information about Deep Impact, visit
http://deepimpact.jpl.nasa.gov or
http://www.nasa.gov/deepimpact .
For more information about NASA, visit
http://www.nasa.gov/home/ .
-end-
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Posted by John Curtis on September 8, 2005, 5:47 pm
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baalke@earthlink.net wrote:
>
> And like any good
> recipe, there are also surprise ingredients, such as clay
> and chemicals in seashells called carbonates. These
> compounds were unexpected because they are thought to
> require liquid water to form.
>
>
Clay cosists of aluminum silicate which formed in the same
way as the olivines, that is iron and magnesium silicates.
Water was the largest compound in the solar nebula as
extrapolated from the composition of the Sun, where oxygen
is the most abundant metal.
http://www.astro.lsa.umich.edu/users/cowley/sad.html
Carbonate, on the other hand, is the final degradation
product of carbon and negates the primordial nature of
comets. Perhaps it was the repeated approach of Tempel 1
towards the Sun that photo-oxidized carbon monoxide
into CO2.
http://deepimpact.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/sunshine.html
John Curtis
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Posted by Landy on September 14, 2005, 9:50 am
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> baalke@earthlink.net wrote:
>>
>> And like any good
>> recipe, there are also surprise ingredients, such as clay
>> and chemicals in seashells called carbonates. These
>> compounds were unexpected because they are thought to
>> require liquid water to form.
>>
>>
> Clay cosists of aluminum silicate which formed in the same
> way as the olivines, that is iron and magnesium silicates.
> Water was the largest compound in the solar nebula as
> extrapolated from the composition of the Sun, where oxygen
> is the most abundant metal.
Oxygen is a metal??!!!
Ah, perhaps you meant non-metal?
BTW, most clays contain very little iron or magnesium,
and olivine and clays form in very different environments.
cheers
Bill
> http://www.astro.lsa.umich.edu/users/cowley/sad.html
> Carbonate, on the other hand, is the final degradation
> product of carbon and negates the primordial nature of
> comets. Perhaps it was the repeated approach of Tempel 1
> towards the Sun that photo-oxidized carbon monoxide
> into CO2.
> http://deepimpact.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/sunshine.html
> John Curtis
>
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Posted by marc182 on September 13, 2005, 6:25 pm
Please log in for more thread options says...
>
> > baalke@earthlink.net wrote:
> >>
> >> And like any good
> >> recipe, there are also surprise ingredients, such as clay
> >> and chemicals in seashells called carbonates. These
> >> compounds were unexpected because they are thought to
> >> require liquid water to form.
> >>
> >>
> > Clay cosists of aluminum silicate which formed in the same
> > way as the olivines, that is iron and magnesium silicates.
> > Water was the largest compound in the solar nebula as
> > extrapolated from the composition of the Sun, where oxygen
> > is the most abundant metal.
>
> Oxygen is a metal??!!!
> Ah, perhaps you meant non-metal?
> BTW, most clays contain very little iron or magnesium,
> and olivine and clays form in very different environments.
> cheers
> Bill
Yes, to an astrophysicist everything that isn't hydrogen or hellium is a
"metal".
Marc
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Posted by John Curtis on September 13, 2005, 2:44 pm
Please log in for more thread options baalke@earthlink.net wrote:
>
> Having this new grocery list of comet ingredients means
> theoreticians can begin testing their models of planet
> formation. By plugging the chemicals into their formulas,
> they can assess what kinds of planets come out the other
> end.
>
>
The list of cometary ingredients matches the composition
of the ocean floor.
Olivine is a common component of basalts.
http://66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:zEZ8aZTTuOUJ:concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9356678+%22olivine+and+augite+are+the+most+common+minerals+in+basalts%22&hl=en
Clay (Aluminum silicate) and calcium carbonate are the major
components of ocean sediments.
http://www.odp.usyd.edu.au/odp_CD/oceplat/opindex.html
Perhaps, comets are chunks of the ocean floor as in Exploded
Planet Hypothesis.
http://www.metaresearch.org/solar%20system/eph/eph2000.asp
John Curtis
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